1/1, January 21, 1883-current

4-20 pp.

This was the dominant and longest-lived journal in Brazil. It was the last production of the spiritualists who had surrounded the Sociedade Academica of Rio de Janeiro, which had earlier started the Revista de Sociedade Academica and then O Renovador. It was originally published from the house of Elias da Silva (1848-1903), with a circulation of about 300. He was a photographer who had in 1879 founded the Grupo Espirita Menezes, named after the late director of the Sociedade Academica, and this in turn became the Federaçao Espirita Brasileira (FEB), a federation of all Kardecist groups, in 1885. In mid-1907 the journal featured a long attack on Alberto de Sarak, Count of Das. On the journal and its history, see "Revista 'Reformador' un Prodigioso Manantial de Paz y Amor," http://jorgeluizhessen.blogspot.com/2009/09/revista-reformador-un-prodigioso.html, and the note in Carrier Dove for May 1887. The journal is listed as adhering to the 1892 Spanish-American spiritualist congress convened by Fraternidad Universal in Madrid to honor the discovery of America.