::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1864
The Chicago Tribune
First National Convention of Spiritualists, Chicago, August 9-15.“Spiritualist Convention. Delegates in the City—Preliminary Meeting Yesterday—Resolutions on National Affairs,” The Chicago Tribune, August 9, 1864.
The National Convention of Spiritualists in Chicago, which commences its sessions this morning, in Bryan Hall, promises to be a large gathering. The friends of the cause in this city are already taxed to their utmost in providing accommodations for visitors, and the hotels are not without their visitants. Probably ere nightfall there will be fully two thousand delegates in the city. The sessions will last about four days.
A preliminary meeting was held yesterday afternoon, in Metropolitan Hall, of which Henry C. Wright, Colonel Fox, Lizzie Doten, Mrs. Porter, Mrs. Fuller, and J. S. Loveland, were appointed informally as a Committee to draft resolutions on our National affairs, to be presented to the Convention for discussion. The Committee drafted the following:
[ . . .]
Resolutions Drafted (and Eventually Adopted)
“Spiritual Convention. First Day of the Session—Organization—Addresses—Talking, Discussions and Dissension—They Agree to Differ—Exposition of the Harmonial Philosophy,” The Chicago Tribune, August 10, 1864.
The session of the National Convention of American Spiritualists commenced yesterday evening in Bryan Hall; the attendance was large, a majority of the loyal States being represented; the hall was about three-fourths filled. The convention was called to order at 10 o’clock by Dr. Gardner, of Boston, who, on motion, was made temporary chairman; J. S. Loveland being chosen to act as temporary Secretary.
The committees appointed at an information meeting on the previous day, offered—through Uriah Clark—certain suggestions with regard to the organization of the Convention. It was understood that those suggestions included a plan of organization, with certain resolutions on the state of the country, published in The Tribune of yesterday. The proposal raised a perfect storm of discussion in which nearly every one present sought to take part.
Mr. Clark would present the plan on his own responsibility, the authority of the committee being disputed.
Another hour was consumed in discussing the motion to enroll. Several amendments and counter amendments were offered, and one could not resist the impression that one had all wanted to talk, whether to the purpose or not. The spirit evidently moved many of them, and in different directions, yet all with the same grand end in view—to talk. One explained, and another explained. Lizzie Doten appealed to God as a witness of the truth of her assertions, and finally the mountain throe was over, the mouse came forth from amid the muse. It was decided that each State choose one as a member of the Committee of enrollment, and that after the delegates in attendance had been ascertained, each delegation should furnish its member to the Committee on Permanent Organization and on Resolutions. The following were selected:
Maine, D. H. Hammond; Massachusetts, John H. Weatherby, Jr.; Rhode Island, Emanuel Searle; Connecticut, J. S. Loveland; New York, J. W. Seaver; Pennsylvania, Joseph Furst; Maryland, James Frist; Tennessee, J. E. Chadwick; Kentucky, J. L. Taylor; Ohio, Judge Carter; Michigan, Ira Porter; Illinois, F. H. May; Indiana, Joseph Pierson; Iowa, James Thompson; Wisconsin, John Garlan; Missouri, A. J. Brown; California, Charles Pinkham; Canada West, H. C. Whiting.
The Convention then adjourned till two o’clock.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
The Convention came to order at 2 o’clock, and the Chairman announced that the first business in order would be to hear the report of the delegates on the appointment of a committee on organization. The committee was thus formed.
Maine—Dr. D. H. Hamilton; New Hampshire—Mrs. J. H. Hubbard; Vermont—N. Randall, of Woodstock, and Mrs. E. M. Wolcott, of Rochester; Massachusetts—A. H. Richardson, of Charlestown, and Miss L. Doten, of Boston; Connecticut—J. S. Loveland, H. B. Storer; New York—Mrs. L. Heath, and J. W. Seaver; Pennsylvania—J. Furst; Maryland—James Frist; Tennessee—J. K. Chadwick; Kentucky—J. L. Taylor, and Mrs. Sarah Smith; Ohio—Mrs. Laura Cuppy, and S. J. Finney; Michigan—Mrs. Fuller, and J. G. Waite; Illinois—Mrs. J. B. Fuller, and M. W. Leavitt; Indiana—M. F. Shuey, and Phoebe Eddy; Iowa—A. J. Smith, and A. T. Bowman; Wisconsin—Copeland Townsend, and Mrs. F. Williams; Missouri—A. J. Brown, and Mrs. T. Eversole; California—C. Pinkham; Canada—W. Bissell London, and H. C. Whiting.
The committee retired for the transaction of business.
In their absence volunteer speeches were declared to be in order, and Leo Miller was called for. He said that this was the first National Convention of Spiritualists held in this country, or in the world. It was necessary on such an occasion especially to cherish the Protestant idea of the “right of private judgment,” whatever might be the views cherished by any one, if honestly held, they were entitled to equal respect. Let discussion be free and the truth would eventually come uppermost. They planted themselves on the harmonial philosophy above, and had no other creed; he had found that they knew well how to agree to disagree. None but the bigot would so far violate the Golden Rule as to seek to cram his individual ideas down the throats of others. They all agreed that certain ends were desirable, but did not always accord with respect to the means to be enjoyed—those must be discovered. He warned them against jealousy, uncharitableness, and especially against that tendency to prevalent, of misjudging or judging harshly the motives of others. He hoped they would all summon their higher manliness to aid in the counsels of the Convention, that their influence as a Convention might be thrown on the side of truth and right, of free speech, true expression of views, and freedom to all, both physical, mental and intellectual.
Benjamin Todd then spoke briefly. He said they had been very careful in the morning about preserving their dignity. He did not care about dignity, if they had but a principle of action. He did not care a fig for the man or woman who had not some angularities of character, and left his mark behind him. The preliminary meeting of the preceding day had exerted a tremendous opposition. It was proposed to enter into a formal organization of spiritualists in the country; so far as that could be done for financial purposes, but further it would not meet with his approbation; he heard a creed a little while before, which suited him—“we accept all truth and reject all error.” This permitted all to judge for themselves what was truth and what was falsehood. He believed in each one standing up for himself, on his own responsibility. The cause of spiritualism would never die, but he was willing that it should fall if it could not stand without special support. The individuality of the man was the grand truth of spiritualism, and that was what they should bend all their energies to preach throughout the world, but farther than that, there was no use in organizing or tying themselves down to creeds; that movement would carry with it the seeds of its own dissolution.
Dr. H. F. Gardner thought there was no need to fear an attempt to organize into a body with a creed, to aim their aspirations and workings.
Warren Chase, the “lone one,” threw out a “life line” about ten minutes in length. There was no occasion for alarm. They had been for the last twenty years crowded out of various organizations, so one of them worked by strong creeds; some of them had come out from the abyss of infidelity; now they stood side by side, a mass of mind as dissimilar as the blocks in the Washington monument, yet all capable of being combined like them to form one grand structure, strong enough to work together and carry though any great measure of reform which they might feel disposed to attack. There are many errors which needed to be tumbled over if they would all lift together, and this could be done without giving up their own individualities on other things. They had the power to remove almost any evil from this nation if united, and they had the whole power of the spirit world at their backs. The question simply was to find out what subjects they were, upon which the components of the Convention could unite; if none, then they could still go home and work as before.
Henry C. Wright had a maxim—“You will find what you carry with you wherever you go.” He came determined to have a good time, and was determined that no power in heaven, earth or hell should deprive him of it, because he had brought it with him. He intended to be in harmony with himself, and believed that it was more difficult to keep himself in order than anybody else. He wanted them all to bear it in their minds to be at peace with themselves and then tell what the Lord had done for their souls. While they determined to be at peace with others, they could always assure it by keeping cool even in hot weather, and he promised to the audience that if anybody chose to attack him personally in that convention, he would take it as quietly as a kitten; if his life would not vindicate him, words would not.
J. M. Peebles loved harmony and harmonial men. And nature moved together in perfect order, in sublime harmony. He did not advocate intellectual but affectional harmony. All would agree in this one great fact that we are one great family, having one father, being all brothers. They could all harmonize too in belief in the great doctrine of progression. They needed more earnest workers. When he looked over the sectarian world he saw signs of energy. Sabbath schools, visitation, tract distribution, all for the sake of building up their church. He did not want to see those systems pulled down, but there were other truths, which needed to be built up. They must erect a superior temple in which the human race can worship, and then they can easily induce others to come out of their mud holes and worship with them. The great secret of progression lay in lifting up others; in watering others they watered themselves. This was the true secret of progression. They need not talk about heaven above; they wanted to get their heaven on earth, and as the previous speaker had said, “if they wanted it they must carry it with them.
Dr. Parker wanted every man and woman to build their own [ ]. They must individualize themselves. Every great man who had stood on the summit of the philosophic eminence had taught that man is a microcosm, containing within himself the elements of the universe. He had no care that anybody should labor with him or for him. He cared not for the approbation of anybody; he had carried the sledge-hammer of truth on his shoulder for fourteen years, striking at error wherever he could find it. They needed no further organization than what they then had but believing in the same great truths, and fighting for the same end, they would naturally stand shoulder to shoulder in some attacks, but most do it without outward communication with or through any formal synod or organization. All organizations at first are humble and pliable. But wait awhile; when it becomes powerful it is offensive and aggressive. He was opposed even to putting their names down on a piece of paper; it was too much like signing your name at a Methodist gathering before you could speak in [ ] meeting.
Mr. Reynolds, of Wisconsin, agreed with the last speaker. He had been persecuted and mobbed by organizations. He did not think that anything which limited them was consonant with that freedom they believed to be their birthright.
Mrs. Warren did not understand the question, nor did she wish to speak while another had the floor. She believed in the necessity of building a new house on the foundation of the old one—man’s spiritual nature. If she did not attempt to build the new, she would be no reformer. She gave a very impressive exhortation to the audience to do what they thought right. They needed associative power and union of utterance. They must understand what they needed, and God and the angels would aid them to work for it.
The Committee on Permanent Organizations reported the following as their choice of officers. The nominations were unanimously approved:
President—S. S. Jones, St. Charles, Illinois.
Vice Presidents—Dr. H. F. Gardner, Boston; Mrs. Laura Cuppy, of Dayton, Ohio; Ira Porter, of Michigan; Miss Lizzie Doten, of Boston.
Secretaries—F. L. Wadsworth of New York; H. B. Storer, of Boston; Miss L. Patterson, of Dayton, Ohio; and Mrs. Buffum, of Chicago.
The President elect delivered a very graceful salutatory, returning thanks for the honor conferred, and complimenting the audience on their desire to interchange thought on spiritual subjects. The year 1864 was one pregnant with might events, and future generations will look back to see the work achieved by the great army of those who have fought for the Union and liberty. None in the future would stand credited with higher honor than those who participated in the deliberations of that convention. As President of the Religio-Philosophic Society, he had no creed, believing that the creeds were no effectual bar against error. If the sentiments he had expounded in that connection had led them to elect him, he recognized it as one evidence of their progress, and should confidently expect their support.
Mrs. E. A. Welch wanted to have her name enrolled among the representatives from the spirit world.
The following committee were then appointed:
On Finance—Warwick Martin, of Waukegan; Ira Atkins, of Cincinnati; Dr. Randall, of Woodstock, Vt.; Moses Hull, of Kalamazoo, Mich., and Dr. Haskell, of Rockford, Ill.
On Spiritual Organization—The State delegations were directed to report their selections at the opening of the next meeting.
Order of Business—John Weatherby, Jr., of Boston; Warwick Martin, of Waukegan; Mrs. Hamilton, of Maine; Ira Porter, of Michigan; J. W. Seaver, of New York, and Mr. Underhill, of Maine.
It was proposed to elect a committee on resolutions, but the convention could not agree on the mode of selection, or the powers to be conferred. A motion that all resolutions should be submitted to that committee before being presented to the convention led to a long and sharp discussion of the rights of men, individually and conventionally, in the course of which many very foolish things were said. Some of the speakers thought that madmen had been let loose on the convention, and others indulged in silly comparisons between Illinois and Massachusetts, which had the effect of bringing out threats from the Massachusetts men that they would leave the convention. The offense was probably not intentional; it arose simply out of the irrepressible desire to talk which characterized the majority of those in attendance. They all seemed to be jealous that any body else should say a smarter thing than themselves.
Each one stood on his “own individuality,” and was determined not to yield an inch. The scene reminded one of those lines of Dr. Young:
Has matter innate motion?
Then each atom,
Asserting its indisputable right
To dance; would form a universe of dust.It certainly was like a huge bag of wind: wordy frothy, meaningless. Hon. C. B. Demis, of Galena, and recently from California, was mixed in the turmoil; H. C. Wright, Benjamin Todd, Dr. Gardner, and our own irrepressible A. J. Higgins, all joined in, and the scene was confusion worse confounded. It was at last decided, after nearly two hours debate, that the committee should have full power.
The Finance Committee announced that in order to raise funds to pay expenses, they recommended to charge fifty cents for season tickets to ladies, one dollar to gentlemen, and single tickets ten cents, till money enough were raised to pay costs of meeting. The report was adopted.
The Convention then adjourned till half past seven o’clock.
EVENING SESSION.
At 8 o’clock the meeting was called together by the President, who introduced to the meeting Mr. H. C. Wright.
The speaker, after a few introductory remarks regarding the relationship of spiritualists to the government of the country, moved that a special committee of five be appointed to report upon the state of the Union under present circumstances. Carried.
The Chairman appointed as the committee Messrs. Henry C. Wright, C. H. Waterman, S. J. Finney, Col. Fox and Leo Miller.
The Chairman read a notice stating that any members of the Convention not provided with lodgings, would meet at the close of the session at Metropolitan Hall. He also read a communication from the Chicago Society of Spirituality, tending the use of their melodeon to the Convention.
The Secretary read a report from an introductory committee of the Chicago Society, stating that they had canvassed the city and secured lodgings for 330 at rates of from $1.00 to $2.50 per day, and for 200 as invited guests.
The Business Committee reported that they had not perfected their arrangements for the session, and had simply decided upon the speakers for the evening. Half hour speeches would be made by Messrs. Peebles and Loveland, after which several brethren would briefly address the meeting.
The chairman then introduced to the Convention T. L. Peebles, of Rockcliffe, who said that though he was not prepared to address them, he never refused to labor anywhere or at any place. He considered that the grandest subject which could be discussed was the disposition of the soul after the death of the body.
Where was there any proof that man was [im]mortal? That there was any spirit lying behind the materiality of body? It must be found above earth, for here neither sun, nor moon, nor stars can answer the question. When he reflected that he was a living, conscious being, he was struck with wonder and admiration, and looked with veneration to the truths of Spiritualism, which had caused the truth first to dawn upon him. At first, when the truths were first placed to his view, he was as skeptical as any, and would wish to account for the manifestations by citing magnetism, knee-joints, toe-joints and other foolish subterfuges, but now he knew that they were the finest proofs that can exist of the immortality of the soul. He learnt from them the universal love of God, and the universal brotherhood of man—the fact that man wherever he is, whether on the [ ]ida of Africa or in the depths of the forest, or in the most civilized society, he stands on the platform of brotherly equality. They had a great work before them, and must commence at home—turn their eyes inwards and first examine their own inconsistencies, and trample their faults under foot, remembering ever the blessed truth of universal fraternity, and treat all with love and affection. He recognized all his brethren with stronger affection than could be expressed by any human relations, but felt they were all “bone of one bone and flesh of one flesh.” The speaker continued by eloquently descanting on the great beauty and efficaciousness of love when used to convert their opponents, or bring the truth to the minds of scoffers or skeptics.
In conclusion he urged that all reformers should be characterized by courage and earnestness. He should rejoice when men were in earnest, and worked not only harmoniously and actively, but courageously. He felt the truth of Spiritualism, and wished them all with him to consecrate their souls upon the altar of that mighty soul which formed their true selves, and so gloriously took away all sting of death or the grave. He would like to infuse into their souls, more power, more energy, more affection into their labors for the building up of the principle which they professed. Every kind word they breathed, or every good action they did, was not lost, but will wander through the universe like wandering minstrels, carrying love and wisdom with them. They must all forget sectarian principles, and labor simply for the elevation of the race. They had a better gospel, a better truth than others, and should therefore work zealously and harmoniously, so that at the death hour each one could say, “I have fought a good fight; I have finished my race.” Then they should hear the voices of loved ones beyond the veil welcoming them to everlasting happiness.
A musical selection was next given by the Cincinnati Musical Society of Spiritualism.
The Chairman next introduced J. S. Loveland of Connecticut, who considered that there was nothing in the wide range of human thought but what was embraced by Spiritualism. There was involved in the idea the universal brotherhood of humanity, for if the destiny of man be ever the same, then their origin and interests are the same. They had all the same inherent rights and necessities, and that destiny wrought out will open to the grander and more sublime future. If such was the case what an interest the present life possesses. The development of the spiritual faculties are the highest possible duties which fall to man in this present state of existence, and this development must be universal, there is no dissociating member, no dismembering the divine life which throbs in every human bosom, for the interest of each is the interest of all the suffering of all, the suffering of each. If they kindle a flame in the bosom of another, the spark will lie in their own hearts, and must eventually burst into a flame as destructive as the one it created; for in the spiritual world, as in the natural, the law of action will be equal to the law of reaction, the injury will rebound with the very force with which it is hurled at another.
Living here in this life is an important business. To live here and not to live harmoniously, not to develop every faculty to the utmost, will be to go into the spiritual world deformed and undeveloped. They must then have means of attaining an harmonious culture. They could not do so by themselves on account of their very independence; they were of each other naturally, and must be also to and for each other.
This he thought was the object of the convention, and if only attained would make them spiritualists indeed.
At the conclusion of Mr. Loveland’s address, Mr. Wright, as the Chairman of the committee on the state of the Union, reported the preamble and resolutions published in yesterday’s Tribune.
Dr. Underhill moved that the report be received and the Committee disbanded.
Upon motion it was resolved, as an amendment, that the disposition of the resolutions shall be remanded until Thursday next.
The President next introduced Dr. Hamilton, of Maine, who closed the meeting by a poetical recitation. His subject was “Satan,” and in a light, pleasing manner, the speaker sketched the history of the Evil One, giving his reasons for his antipathy to man, and mentioning his baneful labors since the time of his expulsion from the Celestial regions.
The discussion on Thursday is one of vital importance, and promises to be a spirited one.
“Spiritual Convention. Second Day’s Session in Bryan Hall. Appointment of Committees—State of the Country—Physical Condition of the Country—Charges of Favoritism—Speeches and Organization—Harmony and Free Love—The Philosophy Expounded—Improvements on Christianity Suggested,” The Chicago Tribune, August 11, 1864.
The second day’s session of the First National Convention of Spiritualists was held yesterday in Bryan Hall. The attendance was considerably larger than on the previous day, notwithstanding that an admission fee was charged. We speak then of the mortals only. The immortals were evidently there, as on the first day, but not so plenteously. Once or twice the gift of tongues was in copious supply, but it was apparent to all that as a rule the spirits held back. Probably this was because they had not wherewithal to pay the admission fee.
MORNING SESSION.
The Convention came to order at 9 o’clock pursuant to adjournment, the President, S. S. Jones, of St. Charles, in the chair.
The several State Committees appointed on the preceding day, reported the following names for the formation of a general Committee on the organization of Spiritualists. Judge Carter, of Ohio, stated that the delegation from his State were opposed to organization, but in favor of the general dissemination of the principles of spiritualism:
Maine, James Furbish, D. H. Hamilton; New Hampshire, Elijah Averill, Miss J. J. Hurlburt; Massachusetts, H. C. Wright, A. H. Richardson; Rhode Island, Mrs. G. R. Mowrey, L. Towne; Connecticut, J. S. Loveland and H. B. Storer; Ohio, A. G. W. Carter, Mrs. R. Ward; Indiana, Charles Zeakel, Mrs. Agnes Cook; Tennessee, J. M. Chadwick; Kentucky, J. S. Taylor, Sarah E. Smith; Wisconsin, A. B. Severance, Mrs. S. E. Warren; Iowa, Mrs. E. J. Wooley, A. P. Bowman; Missouri, C. J. Brown, Mrs. Eversole; Maryland, J. S. Frist; California, C. Pinkham; District of Columbia, Horace Dresser.
Mr. Warwick Martin, of Waukegan, presented a fine bouquet to the President as a peace-offering—whether to the [ ] of the living or dead, was not stated.
The following were then appointed as a general committee on resolutions: Maine—D. H. Hamilton, Mrs. J. Furbish; Vermont—Mrs. Emma Wolcott, D. Tarbell; Rhode Island—L. K. Joslin, C. V. Kennon; Massachusetts—; Connecticut—J. S. Loveland, H. B. Storer; New York—J. W. Seaver; Ohio—S. J. Finney, Mrs. A. G. W. Carter; Indiana—J. Hill, Mrs. Agnes Cook; Missouri—Mrs. T. O. Eversole, J. F. Blood; Illinois—Thomas Richmond, Mrs. Lukins; Iowa—A. J. Smith, J. W. Harland; Wisconsin—Mrs. S. Williams, A. B. Smedley; Michigan—Mrs. M. J. Hutts, A. B. Whiting; District of Columbia, Horace Dresser.
Judge Carter begged leave to state most positively that Ohio desired neither organization nor political resolutions. This remark was received with cheers and hisses.
After a few introductory remarks, Dr. Parker proposed that a committee of five be appointed to report upon the social condition of the country.
Uriah Clark thought that the general committee appointed to present a general report upon the organization of spiritualism, would cover the point.
Mrs. Judge Carter, of Cincinnati, declared that they must work harmoniously, or they would fail. The preceding day they had appointed general committees, and it was resolved that no resolutions should come to the meeting but through them. And yet in the face of this action, a gentleman on the preceding evening had got a special committee of five, and now another one wished to get another appointed on a similar subject. She did not believe in these committees, they were not a political body, but a religious one; they did not convene to govern the country but see to the eternal welfare of their spirits. To them, Abraham Lincoln—his hat, boots and coat—were nothing. Let them leave the country in the hands of the rulers, and see to the work in hand. [Applause.]
Leo Miller was willing to support Mr. Parker’s resolutions, for he believed they had a perfect right to appoint such a committee. He could not see how one could separate a love of country from a love of God. The man who could not carry his politics into his church must be possessed of little genuine patriotism. His religion was good will to all men—black or white, bond or free. When he looked southward he saw an effort of human oppression to tread under foot four millions of men.
At this stage of the proceedings the Chairman interrupted him, and thought that the subject was taking too much latitude.
Leo Miller replied that the Chair had previously decided that the lady who had preceded him was in order when she was much more out of order than he was. It was fish for one and flesh for the other.
The motion of appointing a committee was then put to the meeting and carried. Amidst a most indescribable uproar, the meeting was called to order, and the various groups of discussionists scattered throughout the hall were silenced.
Col. Fox of Michigan had hoped that the Council would have assumed more of the characteristics of a deliberative body, but unhappily he noticed howling in loud voices, and other manifestations of a very objectionable character. He wished them all to discuss calmly both sides of every question.
Mr. Loveland moved that ten minutes’ speeches be in order, and that the speeches be all made pro and con.
The Secretary stated that such an arrangement had been determined upon by the Business Committee.
E. Nelson of Wisconsin spoke for a few minutes from the body of the hall in a voice unintelligible to those on the platform, after which
Dr. Sergeant, of Wisconsin, moved that a committee of five be appointed to report on the physical condition of the people.
It was moved in amendment that the motion be laid upon the table. Carried.
Mr. Reynolds, of Wisconsin, not being satisfied with the committee questions as they stood, moved that a committee of five be appointed to report on the civil conditions of the country.
With the regularity which characterizes all the actions of the convention the subject dropped, and Mrs. E. Nelson, of Wisconsin, complained that the appointment of committees had been mismanaged. It had been arranged that each State committee should consist of one lady and gentleman, but designing men had crowded out the ladies.
Mr. Seaver, of New York, felt greatly pleased to meet his beloved brothers and sisters to discuss the great principle of spiritualism. He felt grieved to see so much discord, but consoled himself with the thought that all the friction and uproar would tend to run down obstacles and harmonize them. When his attention was first attracted to spiritualism he regarded it as a humbug, but now the heaven born light had shone into his soul, and he felt that the little leaves was rapidly spreading throughout the whole loaf, and was destined to harmonize every class of mankind. Then let those who have experienced the heavenly joy of intercourse with the celestial hosts, allow their lights to shine before men, for every wrangle and dispute went forth to the world, and aided and pleased those who point the finger of scorn at their heavenly teachings.
A musical selection was then given to the Convention by the Cincinnati choir.
Mr. Ira Porter, of Michigan, had not been in this State for some years. In 1851, when Spiritualism was in its youth, he belonged to a spiritual society, called the “Excelsior Society,” which, if it had not done anything else, had taught him how to behave himself in a public assembly. He was a friend of free speech, and could shout like a Methodist, “Speak, and let the worst be known.” He was not at all discomposed by the confusion and ranting of the meeting. Every brother and sister had a right to speak some time or other, and where the spirit of the Lord is, there must be liberty. Why! did not the Holy Ghost 1800 years ago descend in such a confusion that people said the Apostles were made?
He believed, with H. C. Wright, that religion, to be of any use, should control their conduct in every sphere in which they were placed, and the religion that wouldn’t do that was not worth a straw. Eighteen hundred years ago there lived in Judea a body of men who believed that God only intended to save a portion of the human race, but God taught them the spiritual law of universal brotherhood—that He is no respecter of persons, and in His wisdom He exemplified the truth by placing in a condition to receive spiritual manifestations a centurion, who, the speaker explained, was a captain of a hundred men, or—(voice of an unbeliever,) “captain in the hundred days’ service.”
Judge Carter, of Cincinnati, read an essay in which he stated that at one time he was much troubled by false communications of evil spirits, which once caused him to cease for five years, though his wife was a most perfect, never failing combination medium. Once, at a session in Cincinnati, where Mrs. Cuppy was a medium, the important question was asked, Why do we receive so many evil communications from spirits? When the excellent reply was received, “O, ye children of earth, if ye did not send so many liars into the spirit world, ye would not have so many coming from it to plague you.” This he easily reconciled. Upon this earth we have two existences—one of the spirit and one of the body. The body is but the residence of the spirit, and death is only the destruction of the body—the spirit remains unchanged; and, if it lied in the body, it will lie when out of it, though he considered that such spirits could not deceive other spirits, as they could see through their machinations. Consequently, in its extremity the lying spirit resorted to its former earthly companions and lied to them to the best of its ability. How immensely important, then, is it for mankind to follow a virtuous life, so that when spirits they could return as teachers and not as liars.
Upon motion, it was resolved that Judge Carter furnish a copy of his essay to the spiritualist organ—the Banner of Light—for publication.
It was moved and seconded that a committee of five be appointed to publish the minutes of the Convention.
Carried.
Mr. M. F. S. Shuey, of Indiana, had heard much of organization, but did not believe in any organization that would prescribe or proscribe the opinions of anybody; but he did believe in sessions to study the inspiration and aspirations of the human soul; let all friends of universal liberty of body and of soul unite harmoniously to bring about the consummation of their profession.
Dr. Roe, of Cincinnati, wished Judge Carter to read of an association they have in Cincinnati, which would teach them something about organizations. Thus appealed to, Judge Carter read the Constitution of the Cincinnati Association, which, he said, was written by Dr. Roe when under the influence of spirits. Dr. Roe again addressed the meeting; he besought them to preserve order and try to act under the influence of th4e spirit which ruled them. If they did so, order would be restored and, perhaps—aye, probably—after a few hours’ harmonious stali[ ]s, they might be honored with visible manifestations.
The President announced that he had appointed the Committee on Social Relations—they were Dr. Parker, Mrs. Spence, S. J. Finney, Warren Chase, Esq., and Leo Miller.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
In the afternoon the Convention was called to order by the President. Dr. Gardner understood that Clark [Charles?] Partridge, Esq., of New York, was present. He had been appointed by the State Convention as one of a committee of organization, and instructed to report to this Convention. He therefore moved that the gentleman be appointed a committee at large on the question of organization.
The resolution was laid upon the table.
George Linn, of Lockport, as a spiritualist, had cause to be proud of the present condition of this Convention. He ever felt a great interest in spiritualism, as he believed that only through it can universal freedom be attained. He measured spiritualism for the amount of good it conferred, and knew that as men understood its truths they would acquire a better insight into the great physical laws. The speaker next enlarged upon the subject of free love, which he eulogized, drawing a line between it and licentiousness. He believed that being a free lover would cause no man to love his wife the less. He thought that like any other man he had a pretty good opinion of himself, though perhaps smaller than many men, and a shoemaker by trade, he considered that nature by bestowing upon him an extra amount of brains, had made up the deficiency.
A musical selection, called the “Spirit Land,” was then given in a very fine manner by the Chicago choir, the solo taken by Miss Ada Hoyt, was particularly good.
Wirold Clark delivered the first regular address. The world considered the spiritual movement an anomaly of the 19th century—a jargon of nonsensical theories—but he conceived himself with the idea that with reason and heaven on their side, they could afford to bear the [ ] of skeptics, for they know that this convention was the consummation of the works of ages. He acknowledged that each sect that sprang up thought themselves the bringers about of the new Millennium, but what was the result? Millions are tossed on seas whose billows never rest, gazing (the millions, not the billows) tearfully into the heavens or looking tearfully into the grave [ ] while upon a [ ] groan could arise from the [ ] “How long, O Lord, shall we wait in vain for the fulfillment of the signs of the [ ].” Spiritualism was different, and it [ ] the [ ] of the past and [ ] “Joves, thunderbolts and Mars, chariots threatening Jerusalem,” etc., ridiculing the ideas of the millions and of the past, expressing considerable disgust at spending an eternity in listening to long sermons and singing long psalms, the speaker announced spiritualism as the only fulfillment of all the prophecies of the past; in conclusion which despite the remarkable logic which produced it was received with much satisfaction by the speaker and his believing audience. He besought his hearers to behold the angel of modern spiritualism, and with tears of joy gaze heavenward and thank God for the glorious advent. Mr. Clark next adverted at some length on the propriety and necessity of organization, which he considered was the only refuge for them to occupy, to save them from disintegration and the relapse into a chaotic condition, and urged that despite the fearful immoral results of Sabbath Schools, paid ministers and other orthodox organizations, they should not, illogically dreading the result, eschew organizations of all kinds.
They required no monomaniacal sects, continually arguing about separating theological dogmas, or those who wanted a select organization, but those who would collect publicans and sinners, radicals and outlaws, poor and rich, pure or guilty, and quench their fires with tears of angel mercy. Regarding the form of organization it must be something new and differing entirely from everybody and everything else of the past and present. The system of Spiritualism proposed to institute upon earth, the much talked of Kingdom of Heaven, where man of the past could stand on his dignity and care nothing for the laws and dogmas. The speaker concluded at some length in the usual style, anathematizing present religious institutions. He cited the misery at present existing in the world, the universal prevalence of the social evil and the unequal distribution of riches as proof of the inefficiency of the world'’ systems and government. A true government would, he said, tax the people one sixth of the present, and elevate woman to her proper position, hurling men from the numberless situations, only fit to be held by woman are held. The remedy for these evils, the dawn of the universal utopia would be brought about by the adoption of spiritualistic principles.
Upon motion, it was received that Mr. Clark’s address shall be handed to the Publishing Committee for publication.
A selection by the Chicago Quartette was next given. After which, the Chairman introduced Miss Lizzie Doten, the celebrated inspirational speaker.
Miss Doten, like the Dutch preacher, wished to say a few words before she began. It was hard work speaking that afternoon, and she felt as if she had just emerged from the fiery furnace prepared by Nebuchadnezzar for the three holy children, but she hoped that the same spirits which hovered around them would attend her. On the subject of organization, she could not decide until she could see some regular plan. So she did not want any organization which, like the organizations of the world, would limit her or restrict her. Her spiritualism was stronger than she was, more powerful than her own soul; it had led her even against her will, had removed from a beloved church and close associations. To strive against Spiritualism would be useless; they had tried even in this Convention, and had babbled and struggled like school boys to gain the victory; but their confusion was useless, and they had sunk down by the power of Spiritualism, into the ever onward current. She had felt this latent Spiritualism lying latent within her, only waiting for some power to move her from a feeling of almost dull, cold death. Where did Spiritualism come from, but from the Great Power which controlled them—a Power which they could not name or define; that power which influenced men in olden time, who spoke only as they were moved by the spirit of God. That power she felt would marshal them and lead them to victory over their own faults and failures, and over their own false ideas of freedom. Freedom—what was it? Not the common ideas, for she was never so glorious or so free as when she was their servant, losing her own individuality, but not one iota of her principle. That principle she must preserve, even at the risk of giving offense; if her words gave offence, they must remember that she spoke from the heart, remembering those holy words, “Consider then this day whom will ye serve,” man or the eternal spirit. She had studied organisms of every kind, studying until her soul arose to such agony that sleep forsook her eyelids and food could not enter her lips, and in her agony had been favored with a vision in which heavenly hosts told her that the only organization that could be the one which would eventually be adopted, was one analogous to the Masonic Order, the fraternity of which the speaker highly eulogized. Miss Doten continued by stating that if the spirit of freedom modified all the actions of moral life, it would improve the condition of every fallen one, and aid the emancipation of the slave. She did not wish to interfere with politics, but if the progress of freedom crossed the path of politics, it was the fault of politics for standing in the way, in a false position. They could give way to nothing. Some might look up to the stars and stripes, and others to the stars and bars; but all must look beyond, to the great blue banner, studded with the living stars of the great Creator, which encircled them all as brethren. She did not think any plan of organization would be brought about in this Convention, but they will be brought nearer to Heaven, and all feel the better for meeting together.
Mr. Foster, of Boston, followed in a few remarks and considered that organization would come in due time, but he believed it would have to be sifted through human mentality. He knew the evils of former organizations, but considered that no reason why a proper association should fail, and he thought that if they remained unorganized as a heterogeneous mass, it would be impossible for them to wield power successfully. Their power would be lost, for even the churches would steal their thunder. Every liberal mind, at the present time acknowledged the truth of spirit manifestations, and ere long the churches would steal these facts, which would revivify them and strengthen them. The Spiritualists were very powerful in reality; they represented millions of people, but their strength was not seen because they had no system.
The meeting then adjourned until 9 o’clock.
EVENING SESSION.
The President opened the meeting by naming the committee on publications—C. M. Plumb, John Hatterly, F. H. Bay, Ira Porter and Benjamin Todd.
Upon motion, Elder Miles Grant and William Sheldon, ministers of the Second Advent, who were present, were invited upon the platform.
The Chairman introduced to the meeting Mrs. Packard, who had been incarcerated in a lunatic asylum in this State, on account of her independent views. She is the wife of an Old School Presbyterian minister, who, because she opposed his religious views, had her dragged into a lunatic asylum, and incarcerated for three years, when she was liberated by order of the courts of Illinois. The lady had written an account of her sufferings, which should be read by every one present.
Mr. Haines narrated a somewhat similar case of the incarceration of I. B. Eddy, a spiritualist in this city some years ago. In that case he himself was charged with insanity, because he believed in the immortality of the soul. At that trial they called in all the priests of the city, to see what constituted insanity and notwithstanding all their quibbles and dogmas, they were considered perfectly sane, while he who simply believed in the plain immortality, was considered by half the jury to be out of his mind. The Chairman then introduced to the meeting Henry C. Wright, the first regular speaker of the evening.
Mr. Wright wished to know how many of his audience would obtain an idea from the proceedings of the convention, when they returned home? If they obtained no good from the session, what good would the meeting be to them? He would contribute to the audience one maxim of life, which they would not easily forget: “You will find what you carry wherever you travel, whether in the spirit or out of it.” If he carried God in his soul in the shape of love to all humanity, he would find God wherever he went, and if he carried the devil with him in the shape of hatred he would find the devil everywhere. Another maxim he wished them to remember was, “Man’s demands are God’s only commands.” They need not search the Koran, the Shasters, or the Bible for His will, for they will find His commands in their own natural, not artificial, requirements. He wanted God to look at him, to love him, and to touch him, but always through human agencies, for he was a human being now; and only loved the social influence of humanity.
The speaker dwelt at length upon the necessity of social relations. He was a worshipper of humanity; and did not worship God aside from humanity, for he adored God through man, his creation. This world was full of God-worshipping, through prayers, and sacrifices and fasts, but all aside from the worship of man, who is created in God’s image. Let Spiritualists learn to reverence human beings—to worship men, women and children, and not a Deity separated from them by a long space. He was bitterly opposed to, and had waged eternal warfare against the ancient dogmas of Theology and Customs. Still he was not opposed to all associations and organizations, for he believed they could mass their forces to carry a weight with them to the world. They would have, before long, to discuss this question—at longest, in a day or two—and he wanted them to treat the matter earnestly, so that if they differed in their heads, let there be harmony between their hearts.
A musical selection was then given very appropriately by the choir.
The Chairman next introduced Miss Laura Cuppy, of Ohio. She thought that the question was often asked by the skeptical world, “What has spiritualism done; has it made any progress?” Only twelve years ago the young child spiritualism was born, and now let skeptics witness that Convention. When she first read the announcement of this First National Convention, she felt her heart leap within her, and was almost ready to say with one of old, “Now let thy servant depart in peace for I have seen my salvation.” The question of organization had been discussed and many felt very fearful at the probability, as they thought it was only an attempt to put on the shackles, and lead them back into the house of bondage. They all needed a oneness of purpose and action, but yet she thought that they as spiritualists were in a too undeveloped state to receive organization in the strict sense of the term.
Dr. Underhill remarked that if they waited until they are better they would never organize at all.
A gentleman from Vermont had many objections to organization. He thought that the term signified restriction and officers to enforce those restrictions which would offer inducements to others to cohere for political purposes to engineer the affairs of the sect.
The basis of their spiritualism was the fact that any man, woman or child could act at the moment of inspiration and not wait to bring them before an organization. Did they remember what material they had to organize, why men and women who had left all dogmatism because they could not be true to themselves. It would spoil their power of individual action, which is the pride and religion of every spiritualist. What organism did they want; what meeting of an organized society could have greater harmony than they now possess? All organisms are oppressive; it is forcing men into their number who have no sympathy with them. The speaker affirmed that without any organization or sectarianism, authority or leadership, spiritualism had gone on with unparalleled progress.
The meeting then adjourned till 9 o’clock this morning.
The Chicago Tribune, August 11, 1864
The Herald of Progress, a Spiritualist newspaper, and the most widely circulated of the papers devoted to Spiritualism, has been forced to succumb to the high price of paper and is dead. With the powers of divination claimed by our erratic friends now in session at Bryan Hall, it is astonishing some of them did not foresee the rise in paper and advise through spiritual mediums, the publishers of the unfortunate sheet to lay in a stock.
“Spiritual Convention. Third Day’s Session. The Patriotic Resolutions—For and Against Communication from the Spirit World Recorded—Fierce Dissension—The Cloven Foot—The Resolution Adopted by an Overwhelming Majority,” The Chicago Tribune, August 12, 1864.
The third day’s session of the First National Convention of Spiritualists, was held in Bryan Hall yesterday. The attendance was about the same as on the previous day. The day had been set apart for the discussion of the resolutions on the state of the country, and a great degree of interest was manifested; the spirit world received but a second share of attention.
MORNING SESSION.
The Convention was called to order at 9 o’clock by the President, S. S. Jones, Esq.
The Chairman opened the meeting by reading the report of the Business Committee for governing the Convention. The rules are of the usual order, and their routine can be seen in any of our reports of the session.
As the day commencing was devoted to special business, the discussion of the patriotic resolutions previously reported in the Tribune, the programme was modified during the discussion, binding each speaker to ten minutes, and placing in the hands of the Chairman the discretion to alternate the speakers of opposing sentiments, so that each side should be heard.
Dr. Underhill thought it would be unfair for a majority to force the adoption of sentiments upon the minority. He thought that as an opposite class of resolutions would be introduced, it would be fair without taking a vote for each to sign the code he or she endorsed. He therefore moved that the resolutions be discussed, but no vote taken.
Judge Carter seconded the motion.
Dr. Gardner was of similar opinion to Dr. Underhill but thought that if the yeas and nays were taken, the minority would have a fair chance of entering their protest. He hoped that the discussion would be conducted in a temperate manner by all. He approved of the ten minutes limitation.
Judge Carter was a Democrat. He opposed the resolutions, and thought he could consistently. As there are differences among men, so there is among the members of the spirit world, who, ever so could be when by the sentiments expressed by different media, agreed to a few, for while the inspired Miss Doten made energetic war speeches, Miss Spence, similarly endowed, strongly advocated peace. He was going to attend the Democratic Convention on the 29th of this month, but bitterly opposed the introduction of political resolutions. If Democratic resolutions were introduced, he should bitterly oppose them, as he did not believe in demagogues, rogues and rascals in voice, “Good for Democracy,” converting spiritualism into a tool to help them to offices for nefarious purposes.
Mr. Randall supported the Government, and wished to express himself in favor of the motion.
Leo Miller was willing that every one present should express their sentiments on the resolutions to the public. He thought that if they failed to express themselves on this question, the world would consider them moral cowards. The nation was standing on the very verge of destruction with the red hand of treason grasping its throat, and should they be silent on the great question? Spiritualism was a practical system and they must all be practical in their efforts, they did not want a spiritualism so saintly and so heavenly that they could not bring it down to the affairs of every day life. He, therefore, wished them not only to discuss, but to vote upon the question, for it must not be said that they, the most liberal of all men, dare not stand up on the side of freedom.
Mrs. Spence did not believe in speakers taunting them with cowardice in avoiding the discussion. But the meeting was not a political meeting—an anti-slavery meeting. Abolitionists would not be united on those resolutions, for they were decidedly Lincoln. Garrison, an Abolitionist, would vote for them, while Phillips, equally opposed to pro-slavery, would oppose them, as he was a Fremont man. She wished them to discuss the question, but not vote upon it.
Lizzie Doten delivered a fine speech in favor of the resolutions. Let them vote, and they would be passed with such a majority that the minority would shrink before the world’s gaze. They must have no half measures; it was not a political question, but a question of principle, which spiritualists should not only vote upon, but separate, if possible, the wheat from the chaff. If they allowed themselves to be gagged it was only because Jeff. Davis & Co. were among them. [Loud applause.] Speak out to the world, and let them prove that they never shirked from principle. It was not Lincoln, but principle she supported, and the two being united they must support him. [Applause.] Those brave men who in agony had left their bodies upon the battle field were witnessing them, and should they in their sight coward-like, back down from their duties? [Cheers.]
Mr. Reynolds, of Wisconsin, was in favor of freedom, and in a very rambling speech, torturing every point that he possibly could come across, supported the resolutions one moment and opposed them the next.
Mr. John Wetherby, Jr., was in favor of deferring the motion of Mr. Underhill until the end of the discussions, and offered as an amendment that the resolution of that gentleman be laid upon the table until the termination of the discussion. The amendment was subsequently withdrawn.
At this stage of the proceedings Mrs. E. A. Welch, of Chicago, a sister whose appearance indicated that a too close communion with spirits had by no means improved her sanity, demanded to be heard, stating that she was a committee of one from the spirit world, appointed to transfer some resolutions which their ghostly highnesses had with much trouble drafted. In the general uproar which followed this communication, the sister was crowded out of a hearing and the floor given to another.
Mrs. Cuppy, of Ohio, was neither a secessionist or a rebel, or a pro-slavery woman, but she opposed these resolutions, as she knew they were a fire brand which would scatter the spiritualists to the four winds of Heaven. Theirs was a religion system, and though they might appropriately carry their religion into their politics, they should not drag their politics into their religion. [Applause.]
Henry C. Wright favored the resolutions; he wished to record his name on the side of the total abolition of slavery [Applause] and support any government which battled on the side of universal liberty. In conclusion he read an extract from a letter of Stephen A. Douglas to the National Intelligencer, regarding the designs of the rebel leaders. The question was simply whether they should have a government or not, and he believed that it was the duty of every Spiritualist to stand firm for the support of the Government.
Mrs. Spence asked the speaker a question. Some time since he had stated that he was a non-resistant, and all his pupils spoke of giving a kiss for a blow. did he still believe in kissing the rebels into submission?
Mr. Wright did not want to bring the matter of non-resistance before the Convention, but wished them all to understand that he planted himself on the side of freedom and the Administration. [Loud applause.]
Mrs. E. A. Welch, the spiritual deputation, then appeared and frantically demanded that the floor should be given to her. She was from the spirit land and demanded the precedence over meeting, chairman or “any other man.” She marched up and down the platform, flourishing her resolutions over her head and presenting a very warlike appearance. It had been reportedly revealed to her that in the city of Chicago there was to be an organization which would triumph over every other upon the face of the world, and she believed that the Convention would not prosper until some resolutions she had received from a deputation from the spirit land had been received. She had been since Tuesday without bread and water, and must continue fighting until a committee of six ladies and six gentlemen be appointed to consider her ghostly revelations. [Laughter.]
Mr. Reynolds, with tears of earnestness flowing from his optics, beseeched the meeting to treat the matter with solemnity, and weep, not laugh. [They couldn’t see it.]
Mr. Martin, of Waukegan, was bitterly opposed to the discussion of the resolutions, but if a discussion was held he wished a vote to be taken, so that he could record his name as one who was opposed to introducing sectarian principles into a spiritual meeting.
Mr. Seth Paine wished to address them from “what inspiration he could draw from the crowd.” He then altered his opinion and spoke from “the inspiration which was evolved from his own innermost soul,” he was in favor of voting on the resolutions, or else what use was their discussion. He was in favor of their general tenor.
Dr. Underhill’s motion was then put to the meeting and lost by an overwhelming majority.
The Chairman of the general committee on resolutions then read the resolutions which have previously been published in the Tribune. After passing the select committee of five, they had been approved by the general committee, and were now given to the meeting for action.
A motion to lay the resolutions upon the table was lost by a large majority.
Mr. Whiting read the report of the minority of the general Committee, protesting against the report of the majority and signed by the protesting members.
The protest upon motion was accepted for discussion.
Mr. John Toohey next addressed the Convention at some length, endorsing the resolutions. As an Irishman he was a lover of freedom everywhere. He believed in Abraham Lincoln though his faults he multiplied a hundred times.
Mr. L. K. Joslin, of Rhode Island, the next speaker, made much ado about nothing. “He opposed the Conscription Act, (probably in view of the forthcoming draft,) which he considered was not bringing the kingdom of Heaven upon earth, (a voice “Copperhead.”) He evidently considered a battle field an uncomfortable position, and preferred to “conquer the rebels by labors of love.”
Mr. Finney, of Ohio, moved that the majority report of the Committee be adopted. He opposed the peace arguments and those which would shirk the question. He could not conceive a spiritualist who would separate his religion from this great republic. Spiritualism was not to stand with pious front and a religious cant, and not act at the present national crisis. He had been a spiritualist for fourteen years, and the first message sent to him by the Gods was, “Spiritual, immortal and universal freedom.” [Applause.]
Mr. W. G. R. Lowry, of Rhode Island, was a Democrat and would sooner withdraw from the Convention than accept the resolutions. He did not want to kill his brothers, but preferred to come down to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. In a frantic speech, fired with rebel proclivities, he ranted about Government failures, and other Copperhead, peace-sneak excuses amid the most loud and continued hisses. By his manner, Mr. Lowry seemed to wish to convey the impression that he was acting under spirit influence in more than one sense of the term. He wished to convert the whole of the rebels and prepare them for death before he shot them.
The meeting then adjourned until 2 o’clock.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
At two o’clock the Convention was called to order by the President.
Mr. Todd, of Illinois, moved to amend the majority report by striking out, all below the second resolution, so that all personalities shall be avoided. Though a supporter of Abraham Lincoln, he objected to the latter part of these resolutions, on account of their personalities. He wanted spiritualists to adopt the principles involved in the resolutions, but not the party position to be found in the latter portion.
Dr. Lowell, of New York, considered that the second advent of Christ’s kingdom was fulfilled in this convention. Christ’s kingdom was a national one, and this Convention was also national in its aims. Jesus was like him, a national man, a spirit medium, a descendent of Abraham, and a lover of liberty. The speaker continued at some length in the same strain, gesticulating in a manner which however complimentary to his powers as an acrobat, slightly interfered with his elocutionary efforts. Dr. Lowell sat down, remarking that he had done as well as he could. If he meant gymnastically, we heartily support his statement.
Dr. A. G. Parker, of Iowa, was on both sides of the question, or rather particularly on the side of A. G. Parker. He could not, as a Spiritualist, recognize any people, any government, any country, save the universe. Such was the spiritual harmonist creed, and he denied the resolutions in toto; though he acknowledged that those miserable beings who do possess a country and recognize a government should fight for it, which fighting he considered a very mean business. If powerful enough he would sweep from the face of the earth every political and organizational government.
Miss Lizzie Doten opposed the amendment and patriotically supported the resolutions. If they let any part of them go they would back down on their principles, for the whole pith of the resolutions lay in the part stricken out. She cited the man acts of Abraham Lincoln proving that he represented the principles of the people, and then demanded that they should acknowledge the truth, the whole truth. Let them prove themselves men and women, and not cringe before a subtle influence that might be working within them.
Mr. Storer, of Connecticut, favored the expunging of the latter part of the resolutions; he believed that they should not unite to principles which were not self-evident, and he did not wish to tie any man’s vote at the polls, by the action of Spiritualists.
Mr. Peebles, of Rockcliffe, had been a Democrat, and voted for Franklin Pierce for President, had lived in a slave State, but was a firm friend of harmony and freedom, and therefore wished to see the whole of the resolutions carried. If they decided the system, let division come, for they would be divided by eternal right.
Mr. Jackson, of Michigan, was in favor of principles, not men—in favor of principles which would unite the system, and not tend to divide them. The people who had constructed those resolutions were seeking to establish a schism in the party. They cared more for party than for principles.
Henry C. Wright wished to call attention to one fact; one of the resolutions which it was proposed to reject, says that the opposition of Abraham Lincoln arose from the fact that he was the representative of the mass of the people. Lincoln was elected by a popular majority, and had the Democratic minority of the South remained by the vote of the minority, no rebellion would ever have arisen, (loud applause). Jeff Davis & Co. had divided the principles of the rule of the popular majority. This rule Abraham Lincoln represents, and they must support him or support the rule of the minority of aristocracy.
Warren Chase, the “lone one,” favored the amendment; he had voted for Lincoln, and should do it again, but still he thought as spiritualists they had nothing to do with men.
John Weatherby, Jr., though he would not have constructed those resolutions, but would vote for them. He did not believe in Abraham Lincoln as a man, but feeling he must strike either for liberty or for slavery, he would follow gladly in the wake of popular liberty. [Cheers.]
Dr. Gardner was in favor of the re-election of Abraham Lincoln, but did not wish to crowd any man’s name down the throat of the minority. He was in favor of compromise when the principle involved could be preserved, and therefore supported the amendment of Mr. Todd. A gentleman in the body of the hall asked, if the compromise spoken of were made, would the opposition to the whole resolutions be satisfied.
Warwick Martin of Waukegan thought not; at least as regards himself, for many things even in the first two resolutions he could not subscribe to. He belonged to no political party, but believed only in the government of the universe, and supported his statement by citing a spiritual vision of his.
Judge Carter would not be satisfied with the amendment. If the whole of the resolutions were passed he and his friends would retire from the Convention. They had held a meeting among themselves and this was the design of them. If the amendment is carried they will not retire, but wish to record their votes by a yea and nay vote, and afterwards enter their protest, though they would prefer that a conciliatory committee be appointed to modify even the first few resolutions.
Mr. Miller, of Illinois, did not appear as a politician, for he had never identified himself with any party. He did not support Abraham Lincoln, but he supported the principles which he represented, and, therefore, supported the whole of the resolutions. He protested against the threats of Judge Carter and advised his hearers to stand firm.
Mr. Whiting, of Michigan, rose in great sorrow that the first Spiritual Convention should be turned into a political meeting. He gave a long tirade of reasons for opposing the resolutions, but the only material cause (which he forgot to mention) was that he was a Copperhead.
About this stage of the proceedings a senstole individual—a Massachusetts spiritualist run to seed—who feared that he would not have an opportunity to oppose everything intended by the Convention, entered the hall, with a curiously wrought banner enunciating his views, which he solemnly held to view from the platform.
Col. Fox, of Michigan, had loved universal freedom so well that for three years he had fought for it in the South. He was now severely wounded, or he would be there now; his two sons had fallen in that cause, the cause which he now advocated. He was a Democrat, and had voted for Douglass, but now he saw things different—[applause]—and was by no means a Vallandigham, Fernando Wood, Jeff. Davis Democrat [Tremendous cheering.] He now felt that Lincoln was his President as well as theirs, and he saw the necessity of supporting the present Administration. [Cheers.] He supported the whole of the resolutions, and wished them to make no compromise. The gentlemen from Vallandigham’s State threatened to secede from the Convention, did they? Let them go, and be purged—out from among them. If they were not loyal men and women, those that remained would be purer and breathe more freely for their absence. [Tremendous cheering.]
Mrs. Spence proposed that, as the war spirit prevailed so highly, a committee of five be appointed to open an enlisting office for the patriotic to practically support their feelings. [Hisses.]
The meeting then adjourned until 8 o’clock.
EVENING SESSION.
Mr. Jacobs, of Ohio, opened the evening session by introducing the following protest:
“We, the undersigned, representing a portion of the delegation of Cincinnati, Ohio, feel ourselves misrepresented by the chairman of our delegation by his declaration, during the discussion of the resolutions now pending before this Convention, that, in the event of the adoption of those resolutions, we, as a delegation, would withdraw from the Convention; therefore,
“Resolved, That if the pending resolutions should pass by a clear majority of the Convention, we shall not withdraw, but feel in duty bound to remain in the Convention, adopting for our motto the standard of true democratic rule—that the majority shall govern.”
The protest was signed by A. M. Diff, David H. Shaffer, Mary E. Shaffer, Leonard Rucker, N. B. Starr, A. McNeil, E. Jacobs, Mrs. E. Jacobs, Mrs. Dick, Mrs. M. Moulton, Mrs. Mayhew, Mrs. W. A. Sterne, and Mrs. R. McMurky.
Mr. Wetherbee, of Boston, called for the previous question, but upon the ayes and noes being called for he withdrew his motion and substituted a proposition to lay the amendment of Dr. Underhill on the table. The ayes and noes were separately recorded by the Secretary, and announced to be as follows: Ayes 283; noes 64.
Warren Chase called for the ayes and noes on the main question. The previous question was called for, and a viva voce vote taken, which resulted in favor of the ayes.
The question thereupon reverted to the adoption of the report of the Committee on Resolutions, and a vote was taken, with the following result: Ayes 303; noes 44.
While the Secretary was calculating the state of the recorded vote upon the two resolutions, the Chair performed “Coming Beautiful Dreams,” and “The Battle Cry of Freedom.”
There was tremendous cheering on the declaration of the last vote, adopting intact the resolutions of the Committee. After which, the song of “John Brown,” enthusiastically rendered, terminated the proceedings. The Convention will re-assemble at 9 o’clock this morning.
“Spiritual Convention. Fourth Day’s Session. Speeches and Discussions—The Question of Organization—Will of the Spirit World,” The Chicago Tribune, August 13, 1864.
The fourth day’s session of the National Convention of Spiritualists was held yesterday. The session was well attended, some interest being excited by the anticipated secession of the Ohio rebel sympathizers, according to their threats of the previous day. As yet, these threats have not been executed, but the members of that delegation have been in caucus on the subject during the day and will announce their determination this morning. Let them go—to Richmond.
MORNING SESSION.
At nine o’clock, S. S. Jones, Esq., called the Convention to order.
In answer to a question by Warwick Martin, of Waukegan, the President said that all members of the Convention who have had their names registered, but were absent during the time of voting on the resolutions, might be allowed to register their votes for or against.
Judge Carter then explained to the meeting some paintings, executed by Nathan Baker Starr of Cincinnati, an old man of sixty years of age. Mr. Starr is a shoemaker by trade, but is at times impelled by spirits of the artist persuasion, under whose directions he executes some very creditable pictures. One of his productions, a portrait of Mr. Carter’s daughter in the spirit land, was very well executed, and was considered by the speaker to be a good likeness, though as his child died when eleven months of age and the portrait was that of a young woman of twenty-two or three, we must say that at least the assertion is paradoxical. Another portrait of another child of the same gentleman gave equal satisfaction. He had also executed a somewhat romantic group, the originals of which had been recognized by an unknown lady.
Mrs. Dix, of Cincinnati, expected to find the Convention a spiritual one, and not a political assemblage. She continued at some length, discussing the probabilities of the election of Mr. Lincoln, and the characteristics of his principal opponents. She next adverted to the battlefield, which she said she had just left, having gone to fetch the body of her husband, who had been slain. She was in favor of the Union, and hoped that no dissensions would arise among them.
Mr. Kilpatrick, a representative from Scotland, Europe, recited some poetry composed by himself which he considered applicable to the occasion, being patriotic in sentiment. He said that all could embody his sentiments. He wished them to be harmonious. They had come there to lay down the rails on the road of Universal Progress, and he thought they should try to compose the driving wheel of the progressional locomotive of the Almighty. On that railroad the radical reformers should occupy the front cars, and the conservatives might, rather than leave, occupy the sleeping cars in the rear. [Applause.]
Dr. Parker, Chairman of the Committee on the Social question reported as follows:
Resolved, That we recognize perfect and entire equality of rights, as between the sexes, including equal property, equal marital, equal parental, equal civil, political and religious rights, and that we reject the absurd pretext that sex in any instance whatever, confers the slightest authority.
Resolved, That true marriage is the free-loving, life-long union of one man with one woman, and all modern as well as all ancient attempts to initiate any other less sacred and permanent relation in its place, under whatever name it may be called, meet at our hands only prompt, unqualified rejection and reprobation.
Upon motion, the report was accepted.
Dr. Underhill wished to introduce himself in his own way. He once mesmerized Miss Rose, of New York, and sent her spirit ahead a thousand years, when she declared that people had arrived at a state of universal knowledge and happiness. The resolution just read, involved the free love question. He was in favor of freedom, and had told his wife that if she thought she could do happier with any other man, she must not consider herself tied to him because a form or ceremony had been used. He considered that if he mesmerized any one, they would be sure to love him. He believed thousands of women had fallen in love with him.
Mrs. Chappel, of Syracuse, felt very modest in coming before the Convention. Spiritualism is a great thing, and they would find it more so the more they saw it. She felt it was the embodiment of life and purified the soul so that it could rise up to communion with its God.
Mrs. Dr. Wilhelm, of Philadelphia, a graduate of Pennsylvania University, was sure that the political and earthly sentiments which opened the meeting had subsided to give peace to its very extreme of heavenly purity. She believed, though, that spiritualism embraced every subject, and knew it would tend to purify politics, and therefore was glad that it had been considered. At the same time it must be remembered that all earthly sentiments are subservient principles, and the smoke of their discussion must give place to the consideration of the great truth which will ameliorate the whole universe—will clear away the superstitions of the present for a time of universal reform. When this war of slavery and freedom, capital and labor, aristocracy and democracy, has been waged, the lowest will have their rights, and the true position of woman will be known.
Mr. Plumb, Chairman of the Committee on Publication, reported that to publish the minutes of the Convention they recommend to publish a full report of the proceedings in a book form, at $1, provided the members subscribe $1,000, or to publish in a pamphlet form a condensed report at twenty-five cents, if the members will guarantee $250. The report was accepted.
Henry C. Wright, believing that this Convention was a great consolidation and culmination of Spiritualism, being their first national meeting, it would be important to hand down to posterity a good and full account. Let the Convention put upon record their protest upon religions based upon authority, or the absurd notion of salvation by grace, and fall back upon the idea that man will ever stand upon his own merits. He also wished their protest placed on record regarding every social and moral oppression, and give to the world a religion based on the great true spiritual basis.
Judge Boardman, of Waukegan, was also in favor of an extended report. He thought many could take ten or more copies, and all would take one.
Mr. Croyle, of the firm of W. White & Co., publishers of the Banner of Light, would publish the report in a pamphlet form, if the report were supplied them.
H. C. Wright thought that the able reports of the press [cheers] satisfied the wants of the day, but they would not be read in the next generation. He considered that without these books, the future historians would know nothing of Spiritualism.
E. Jacobs, a Justice of the Peace from an obscure Ohio village, wants a full report, for it would be useful for them to see their faults, as well as their wisdom. If they did not get a better report than that published in the papers they had better have none at all. “Ye Dogberry” severely criticized the report of the Chicago Tribune.
Lizzie Doten believed that never had spiritualists been so justly represented as in the Chicago daily papers, and she wished their report to go forth to Massachusetts and New York, where they have ever been abused and misrepresented. If the reporters had unintentionally omitted a word now and then, it was not in a spirit of scoffing, and whatever they had written she believed had been actuated by their thoughts or principles. She was in favor of a pamphlet. (Miss Doten merits the thanks of the members of the “fourth estate” for the liberality of her opinions, while her noble patriotism is deserving of honorable mention.) Mr. John Weatherbee, Jr., subscribed to the sentiments of the last speaker.
Dr. Gardner moved that the subject be laid upon the table until the more important subject of organization had been treated. Carried.
Horace Dresser, Chairman of the Committee on Organization then read the report. He said a second plan had been prepared by a large and respectable minority of their numbers.
The first part of the report defines the system of Spiritualism, and its relation to universal fraternity, and the equality of all men and both sexes, after admitting the necessity of an association which they recommend be called the “United States Spiritualists Union,” they laid down the usual laws for its guidance, suggesting that the organization consist of a board of twelve trustees, who shall elect a president and other officers, and who shall name the time and place of the annual convention.
In answer to a question from Ira Porter, Mr. Dresser said there was no special guarantee of membership.
Mr. Loveland then read the report of the minority of the Committee. This report like the former one consisted of a declaration of principles and a plan for the constitution. The declaration necessary is materially the same, or not antagonistic, in both cases, though the minority one is much the longest, but the constitution is somewhat different. Its peculiarities consist in a modification of the list of officers, or more essentially in that it provides a substantial basis for the reception of the members, by ordering that every spiritualist shall be a member of the brotherhood on a payment of a yearly subscription.
Upon motion both reports were received, but the Committee retained in office.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
At two o’clock the Convention was called to order by the President, who introduced Moses Hull, late “Reverend” of the Second Advent.
Mr. Hull had chosen as his subject, “Sectarianism, its Uses and Abuses.” He considered that Moses, or Jesus, or John Wesley, or Luther, had no ideas of founding a sect—that formation was the fault of their followers, who deified them after their death. Still he believed that each sect was productive of some good, and he would not if he could destroy any one of them. He adverted to what he considered the evils of sectarianism, quoting numerous texts of scripture to prove the egotism of sectarianism of all ages and gave the reason which caused him to become a Methodist, afterwards a 7th day Adventist, and from a 7th day Adventist to a Spiritualist. Now he finds himself perfectly happy, though if anything is ahead of that system, he should like to get into that and go ahead on the Excelsior principle.
Mrs. Amy Martin, of Michigan, then improvised a poem and sung it to the great satisfaction of herself and the believing audience. The poem we cannot comment upon, as it was delivered in a spirit dialect—a sort of cross between gaelic and some other equally indescribable language—while the singing reminded one forcibly of an ancient, but now defunct, feline favorite.
The Chairman next introduced the second regular lecturer—Mrs. Cutts, of Michigan. The President then temporarily vacated the chair, which, during his absence, was filled by Miss Lizzie Doten. Mrs. Cutts would not speak much on organization, for they had much business already and needed some organization. She therefore descanted upon some of the beauties of spiritualism. She addressed them all as spiritualists, for she considered that if not so now, death in a few years would destroy their bodily casket and make them so. She believed that in every human being a God reigned, who, if they would only let him take hold of them, would guide them in the peaceful waters of harmonial bliss. This principle she knew spiritualism recognized, for its backbone was certainly in the right place. The speaker continued at some length descanting on the immortality of the soul, which she seemed to consider a principle peculiar to spiritualism. Regarding universal fraternity, Mrs. Cutts believed it extended right through the spirit world, for she remarked there is no aristocracy among “the just men made perfect.” In eloquent language she shivered the “democratic” Judge Carter’s theory of lying spirits, affirming that it was the channels through which the spirits flowed in its purity which were sullied and unclean. [Cheers.]
The Chair then called up the subject of organization.
Warren Chase considered that they could better have a good time together, than proceed to the discussion of business, the Convention was far spent and they were none of them prepared to vote upon any scheme or plan of organization. He was not opposed to either of the reports presented, but considered that neither of them would be put into operation during this Convention, still they had not wasted their time, for the labors of the preceding day were worth ten times the trouble of convening them together. He considered the National organization would come in due time.
Mr. John Tracy considered that they could take up the resolutions and vote upon them. If they were not fit for organization now they never would be. They must have something, if not more than the skeleton of some plan, before they adjourned. He moved a reading of one or both of the resolutions, when they could all understand their tenor. Carried.
The minority report being called for was then read.
Ira Porter rose to propose an amendment. They had congregated together to bring about the reform of the world—to devise instrumentalities for its accomplishment. From this stand point he wished to settle who shall be the co-laborers in that work, and then wht shall be the instrumentalities employed. He was ready to work with everybody—with the veriest infidel who was willing to work according to the golden rule, and who could guarantee that they were earnestly pursuing a good work.
Mr. Bleeker, of Ohio, objected to the superfluity of words, and wished a committee of five to condense the report.
Mr. Ness, of Indiana, who had previous moved to adopt the minority report, would not withdraw his motion.
Dr. Sergeant moved that the motion be laid upon the table until the majority report be read. Carried.
The majority report was read, and upon motion, laid upon the table.
Mr. Partridge, of New York, opposed the minority report on account of its indefiniteness and length.
Judge Carter moved that both reports be published, and the Convention defer action until this morning.
That motion was declared out of order.
It was then moved that a committee of three be appointed to compact the organization resolutions and report this morning, the Chairman to be added to the Committee. Upon motion, the number was increased to four and the Chairman.
Mr. Pinkham, of California, in a very excited manner, in his gesticulations almost knocking the President off the platform, moved that the whole affair be submitted to a medium. They were spiritualists, and dare not work through simply a normal influence.
The Chairman announced as the Committee, H. B. Storer, Warren Chase, C. B. Dennis and Ira Porter.
A young lady of masculine pretensions and masculine habits, being clothed a la Bloomer, and a medium to wit, rose to deliver a telegraphic dispatch from the spirit world, the spirits talking through her in the first person plural. The import of their highnesses message was an injunction to postpone organization until they were more fitted to hear it—to commence it in their own social circles, and around their own firesides. The spirits concluded by regretting they could not speak longer than the inexorable ten minutes, and advised the members to be first true to themselves, when they would soon be true as a body, and prepared for organization. At the conclusion of “their” address, “they” took “their” seat amid loud approbation.
The Convention then adjourned until 8 o’clock.
EVENING SESSION.
The Convention was called to order at 8 o’clock by Dr. Gardner, of Boston, who took the chair in the absence of the President.
Mrs. S. Warren worked off a fluent but highly fanatic address, or rather eulogy on nature, through which she considered God ought only to be studied. She advised her hearers to forsake the God of theory and old dispensation, whom men had so long worshipped through fear.
After the “Three Angels” a song well rendered by Miss Ada Hoyt of Chicago had been sung, Leo Miller was introduced as the second regular speaker. His discourse was a history of the progression of man, but when he arrived at the point from which it was supposed he would have advised progression and organization, he broke down, and considered that the time for such a movement had not arrived.
A somewhat informal discussion regarding the publication of the minutes followed, resulting in accepting the offer of Mr. Plumb, Chairman of the Committee—and a publisher of New York to get up the pamphlet and sell it as cheaply as possible.
Mr. John Tracy, in a fine address, urged them to action, combating the inertia ideas of Leo Miller.
The proceedings were terminated, or rather interrupted, by a semi-petition, semi-sensational harangue, by the young lady of masculine pretensions, who during the afternoon was selected by “ye gods” as their medium for transmitting their ideas to the Convention of mortals.
A progression song—modification of “John Brown”—was then sung by the audience, the solo being given by Mr. A. J. Smith, of Decora, Iowa.
After which the Convention adjourned until this morning.
“Spiritual Convention. Fifth Day of the Session—The Question of Organization Still Undecided—Hearing Both Sides—Unseemly Quarrellings and Blasphemous Revelations,” The Chicago Tribune, August 15, 1864.
The 5th day’s session of the National Convention of Spiritualists was held on Saturday, in Bryan Hall. The morning session was not so well attended as the meetings of the previous days, but in the afternoon and evening the hall resumed the appearance it has presented during the previous sessions. The discussions during the day were of a very stormy nature, and resulted, as might have been expected, in smoke. “A mountain labored and brought forth a mouse.” The forty-four secession sympathizers have not seceded; they thought better of their intention, and simply protested, which protest was ignominiously tabled. All the division, however, does not lie within their breasts, for there is a probability of a split among the faithful, who compose the majority. The great object of the Convention was to consider plans for general organization, but evidently, with so much faction, this will not be effected.
MORNING SESSION.
The meeting was called to order at nine o’clock by Dr. Gardner, who in the absence of the President, S. S. Jones, occupied the chair.
Mr. Peebles explained to the audience a picture painted under the spiritual influence, by a New York spiritualist, in forty-five minutes; it gave great satisfaction to the assemblage.
Warren Chase, of the Committee of five on organization, reported that the individual feelings of the members were expressed in the following resolution:
Resolved, That we, as American Spiritualists in Convention assembled, recommend no national or central organization at this time, and prefer the adoption of no general constitution or code for either government, propagandism or supervision; but we do recommend to all friends of progress, and reformers of each and every locality, to establish such organizations as shall afford the needed facilities for the friends of free thought and free expressions to hold public meetings with free platforms for the discussion of all subjects, and for receiving and holding property bequeathed and acquired, and for the prosecution of educational, benevolent and reformatory enterprises; such locality to choose its own form of organization, without creed or articles of truth. We recommend all such bodies to meet by popular representation in annual convention for discussion and appropriate action upon all current vital questions, and we especially recommend the friends of free platforms, wherever practicable, to construct, economically, public halls, which shall be used for public meetings assembled for every commendable purpose.
S. S. Jones, also of the committee, reported though their views on the subject were embodied in the above resolution, they had, in accordance with directions of the Convention, prepared a plan of constitution. It was materially as follows:
“The Association shall be termed “The National Spiritual Fraternity;” there shall be thirteen trustees, in whom shall be vested the corporate rights of the Fraternity; the trustees shall call a national meeting annually; any person may become a member upon subscribing to these articles; majority votes to govern on all questions; all monies required, to be raised by voluntary action; such by-laws as may be deemed necessary shall be adopted by the Association; amendments may be made at any annual meeting; local organizations, with broad and free platforms, are recommended, these organizations to send delegates to the annual meetings of the Fraternity.”
It was moved and recommended that the recommendation made through Mr. Chase be adopted.
J. S. Loveland opposed the motion; he believed that Spiritualists were not only fit and ready, but willing, to organize. At some length he proved his assertion by citing the many reasons which demand that they should form a tangible body.
Warren Chase understood the working of spiritualism and spiritualists as well, if not better, than “any other man,” and he thought that though spiritualists wanted organization, the large majority did not expect any definite plan to be produced by this convention; in their present factional condition they were not prepared for cool and regenerated action. Let them work thoughtfully and not prematurely; form local organizations where they could discuss the object, and next year sent their delegates to a National Convention, where they could labor systematically and not fail as they had once done.
Mr. Partridge said Mr. Chase had alluded in his speech disparaging to a former organization inaugurated in New York, where they were weak and undecided. He thought it unfair to compare the two attempts—the past and the present. He considered they were sufficiently powerful to organize. He thought it necessary to have a full declaration of principles, so that the organization should not be prostituted to other objects. He supported the report of the majority of the first committee.
S. J. Finney, of Ohio, thought they had best not hurry and cram down organization, hit or miss; he believed in the necessity of organization, but local not national association. They must work practically and commence at the foundation.
By request, the call which convened the convention was then read.
Mr. Clark had considered the question, and had come to the conclusion that to adopt Mr. Chase’s resolutions would be to acknowledge the failure of the whole connection, as organization was the chief object of their session.
Mr. Todd of Illinois ridiculed the idea that a failure to organize would be a failure of the objects of the Convention. He believed in the necessity of local organization, and mixed up the expressions of his belief with personalities regarding Mr. Clark, of such an offensive character that he had to be called to order.
Mr. Bowman of Iowa stood on both wings of the contending parties. He both believed in the necessity of organization and that Spiritualism has already been organized. He was glad to have an opportunity of speaking to them, for he had risen twenty times, but each time had been compelled to sit down unsatisfied.
Mr. Storer did not believe that the call for the Convention required them to form a national organization, but only consider plans for associated and united action. He did not believe in organizing a national body with which the local organizations (which he strongly supported) must be affiliated, though he would not be opposed to a national society which would hold annual meetings for discussions.
Dr. Butts had just received an idea in his cranium, which he seemed to consider was something extraordinary. It was “Be ye perfect even as God is perfect,” and he thought this was a proof of the necessity of organization, for it told them they must imitate God, and he understood pretty correctly that there is organization in Heaven.
Mr. Reynolds, of Wisconsin, opposed organization on account of its results, for as happily proved—“if there was no nationality there would be no secession,” and to obviate secession, he would destroy the government. He was not a very combative character, but had once been expelled from a religious society because at a meeting he had a fight with a beloved brother. He had got a flag presented to him which embodied his principles. [Cries of “question,” and much confusion amid which the speaker retired.]
Mr. Jameson though they were all in favor of associated effort, and if organization was good, it was good now. He thought they should inaugurate a regular warfare against error and throw away this individual guerilla fighting.
Mr. Ira Porter, of Michigan, one of the committee on organization, had signed the recommendation read by Warren Chase, but might not have done so, had he known what a perfect constitution his colleagues proposed to construct.
Mrs. Spence was not a believer in organizations of any kind, though she was willing to participate in the discussion of the subject, and let every one pursue his or her own path. To mediums she would speak especially, for as an old medium she had ever found that spirits were averse to organization of any kind; even a positive mind will often prevent spiritual manifestations. The only question which they had to agree upon was the fact of the possibility of communication with the spirit land. She believed that one medium would do more good than five thousand organizations. Let them simply band together by the bonds of brotherly love, or otherwise inspirations might cease and be cut away from them.
H. C. Wright knew there were tens of thousands of spiritualists in the various churches—ministers and members—who would in a moment leave their churches if there was any organization for them to go to; there were also many spiritualists outside the churches who will return to their churches if there is not anything to hold them, while thousands of the children of spiritualists, if there is no organized means for their education, will be taught in the schools of the old theology. Regarding the mode of organization, he thought that if they could not associate now they ought to be pitied.
Mrs. E. A. Welch, the spiritualist lady who on Thursday announced herself a committee from the spirit world, terminated the session. As before, she announced the opposition of the spirits to an immediate national organization, and recited to the audience a spirit epic poem, which was considered by its author applicable to the exigencies of the position. If such were the case, the inhabitants beyond the river must be very imperfectly acquainted with affairs in this mundane sphere; at least, the production does not prove the poetic genius of ghostly laureates; its metre and every other characteristic were essentially “peculiar.”
AFTERNOON SESSION.
At two o’clock the Convention was called to order. Previous to the organization of the meeting, the attention of the audience was held by one of Mrs. E. A. Welch’s fanatical harangues. She affirmed that the spirits in a revelation had determined that the plan of organization should be a modification of the Masonic order, which she proved to her own and hearers’ satisfaction by citing the conduct of scriptural character from Adam upwards. She had also had a long interview with Stephen A. Douglas, who entertained exactly the same views.
Mr. Van Hess, after a few introductory remarks, moved that the resolution under consideration be laid upon the table. Lost.
Mr. F. M. Wadsworth, of New York, did not believe that any one present was opposed to association, but he considered the difficulty to be the variety of organization that should be adopted. He was in favor of organization, but wished them to organize on the plan followed by nature, and commence at the foundation. Leaves and blossoms did not appear first in the vegetable world. They must be centers radiating outwards, not on the circumference, growing inwards. He opposed Henry C. Wright’s reason of organization, to gain converts from the churches, as he thought the attempt was beneath the dignity of Spiritualism.
Mr. Furbish, of Maine, wanted to see an organization. He was an old man, of 66, and would like to see, before his departure to higher realms, some of the effects of the organization of spiritualists. He wanted them to organize so that they might become a power in the land.
Leo Miller thought that most of the speakers were not proper representatives of bodies of spiritualists, being self-appointed delegates. He knew from his travels through the country, that the people, though desirous of local associations, were almost universally opposed to an immediate general organization. An Universalist minister of this State told him this day that three-fourths of his church were spiritualists and wanted to join them as soon as they had a strong, broad platform.
Dr. Peebles, of Illinois, was in favor of a general business organization. As for the local associations, they had them already, and wanted to advance to a position of power and usefulness. He saw system in every natural law, from the lowest monad to the highest organism, and they should do likewise, for their God is Nature’s God.
Lizzie Doten said that Dr. Peebles had asked what they had done? Why they had been organizing already by being brought nearer together and declaring their individual principles, by which they have laid their first corner-stone—freedom of expression, and freedom to all mankind. Speakers spoke of following Nature’s law, and to that she was willing, but even in nature the mighty oak tree does not reach perfection in a year. [Applause.] Miss Doten continued by eulogizing the local associations, which she thought would lead them to a permanent general organization. The speaker believed that she was not speaking of her own powers, for of herself she felt she could do nothing, but there are hidden powers ruling her actions and helping her to preserve the path of duty. She concluded by reading an extract from Emerson’s Philosophy, which corroborated her views.
Mrs. Dr. Wilhelm, of Philadelphia, thought the very arguments which had been used in opposition to organization should be used in their favor. All the evils spoken of had arisen from organization misdirected; but it was possible to have an organization. They required concerted action, and associated force, and that would be superior to creed. Let their Church have its spire reaching into the celestial universe, and its field of action and usefulness the whole world. In their organization they must have a financial department, which must be composed of the brain and heart of the system, so that the glorious gospel of truth can be disseminated freely to every one who would listen to its magnetic teachings.
Warwick Martin was in favor of congregational organization, but was opposed to all authoritative bodies of presbyteries. [Cheers.]
Mrs. Willard stated that Mrs. Dr. Wilhelm had called man the mental power in an analogy in which the head was the figure, and she would like them to remember that to complete the figure they must recognize woman in the moral part.
Mrs. E. A. Welch—being again possessed—arose and demanded that the spirits should be heard. Then speaking in the first person plural she (they) delivered a fanatical harangue on the rights of women, remarking or rather screaming, “O daughters of Eve, down trodden as ye are, we have conversed with your mother Eve and she is mournful at your degraded condition, and says to you, O, beloved daughters of Zion! My daughters, bear a little longer for your mother is coming to clasp you in her arms and to lighten your cares.” Then by a strange inconsistency and regardlessness of fracturing the truth, the spirits complained that they had had no hearing and had been excluded from the convention—the latter claim we imagine as we before indicated, is an allusion to the ten part provision—but in conclusion “we” consoled themselves with the idea that they could follow the members through the country and elucidate their plan of organization.
Dr. Farmer favored organization for material purposes, but was opposed to a consolidation of those into a national organization. When he saw a consolidation of these powers he was suspicious; he would not trust himself with so much power. He stood on the great rock of individualism and belonged to a kingdom without a king—a State without a law—a church without a creed. [Applause.]
Columbia’s Guardian Angels—a musical collection, was then given in an excellent manner by the Chicago quartette.
Mrs. Williams [Willard?] again appeared before the audience to make an addition to her former speech, as she had received an idea. She considered that all previous organizations had failed or become oppressive, because there was no balance of power in the head. Man existed alone as the pioneer with his strength and energy but to preserve equilibrium there must be brought into action the female agency of intellectual power. This was recognized in Spiritualism, and therefore their organization she believed would succeed.
Mr. Frist, of Michigan, apprehended the difficulty of previous organizations was that they were all based upon what man ought to be. If God Almighty had made a mistake in any of the organisms the finite mind denied that that could be remedied. He considered that the natural mind as it grew and expanded gained fresh acquirements, and now there is a demand of the spiritual mind—of man a fraternal natural for organization: but we did not believe this demand was for a general business organization, but for the local associations where the demands of the people could be supplied.
C. V. Kennon, of Rhode Island, felt like Bishop “Collaso,” though in a future civilized condition, one could not comprehend the septuagint. The predicament, however, did not prevent his belief in some kind of organization.
Dr. Brown wanted immediate organization. He knew that spirits, after they leave the flesh, can communicate with and assist mortals. He wished to lay down some propositions for the consideration of his hearers.
Mr. Wadsworth, one of the Secretaries, who all through the session has preferred to attempt to run the machine rather than mind his official business, called the speaker to order, whereupon Dr. Brown resumed his seat.
Mrs. E. Nelson, of Wisconsin, had been driven into Spiritualism by the bondage of church discipline, and entered into an allegorical representation, in which she stated that when hungry they gave her a rag baby, but now in spiritualism she has a real baby, though whether she intended to use it for cannibal purposes, our reporter knoweth not. Mrs. Nelson said they were traveling in labor and would speedily be delivered, but they will produce a baby not a man. [Applause.]
At this juncture an infantine spiritualist in the gallery, feeling uncomfortable at some material arrangements, commenced discoursing disapprobative music at some length, which, considering the theme of the speaker, gave rise to considerable amusement.
Dr. White, of Michigan, wanted organization, as among other things it would prosper the propagation of their principles, the education of their children, and the reformation of society.
Dr. Gardner did not feel, before he arrived at the Convention, that any definite plan of organization would be attained, though he knew, from a large number of letters, that the demand of the age was for association. He considered the resolutions before the meeting would in a great measure meet the demands of the hour. If they were passed, he should move that they proceed upon the local organizations’ own basis to organize, and that the Convention should appoint a United States Committee.
The resolutions were then put to the meeting and carried, when a division was called for, with the same result as before—ayes 217; noes about 40.
Judge Carter, of Ohio, begged to offer a protest for himself and about forty Democratic friends regarding the passage of the patriotic resolutions on Thursday. He stigmatized the action of the Convention as unfair, a breach of trust, tyrannical, and intended to prostitute the glorious truths of spiritualism to political ends. They protested that it was unfair to cram adverse political sentiments down the throats of a minority, and affirmed that the vote had been taken in an unjust manner, at an hour when most of their party were known to be absent. He concluded by explaining his political position. He said he was as true and unconditional a Union man as any of their number, and had in his time spoken publicly for the Government more than any of them. And now, though his sentiments had changed as regards the administration, he still held that not one foot of land shall be taken from the Union. [Cheers.] All he differed with them was in the manner by which it was to be preserved. The speaker claimed that Mr. Finney, of his delegation, had committed a breach of trust in promising them not to support politics and then working for the passage of the obnoxious resolutions.
Mr. Finney justified himself. He said he had promised a few of the members, as the Judge remarked, and would not probably have brought in the resolutions, but when he saw them, and felt that if he did not act he might have to vote for resolutions supporting rebellion, he felt, as an American citizen that he must act as he had done. [Loud applause.]
The meeting then adjourned until 8 o’clock.
EVENING SESSION.
The evening session commenced at 8 o’clock.
After a few prefatory remarks, Uriah Clark, of Boston, offered the following:
Resolved, That the motion to receive the protest offered by Judge Carter, from the minority of the Convention regarding the patriotic resolution, be laid upon the table.
Carried amid loud applause.
Horace Dresser arose to a point of privilege. He considered the protest a high-handed insult to the house.
The Chair ruled the speaker out of order.
The Chairman of the Business Committee offered the following:
Resolved, That the Chairman of the Convention be empowered to appoint a committee of five who shall select a national executive committee of thirteen, not more than one of each shall reside in each State, to appoint the time and place for the next convention.
Warren Chase moved to amend by altering the word select to nominate, so that the convention shall confirm their appointment.
Messrs. Plumb and Leo Miller objected to the amendment on account of the time it would involve.
The amendment was lost.
Dr. Gardner moved to amend the original resolution by striking out all after the word “resolved,” and substituting the following:
Resolved, That this Convention proceed to constitute itself an association of Spiritualists, by electing a United States Central Committee, consisting of—, whose duty shall be to call a National Convention of Spiritualists, at such time and place as they think necessary, during the next year, to present a specific plan or plans for general organization of Spiritualists; said convention to consist of regularly appointed delegates, to be appointed by local organizations or associations of Spiritualists throughout the country, in the ratio of one delegate to every one hundred members, provided always that every society or association shall have the right to send one delegate.
A very stormy discussion followed, participated in by Dr Gardner and Messrs. Finney, Toohey, Leo Miller, Warren Chase, Parker, and others. Personalities were used with true “spiritual” freedom, those used by Dr. Parker being especially objectionable. In reply to his insinuations Dr. Gardner said that he had traveled over the whole country without ever receiving a cent, and had been actuated by no sinister motives. During the debate, which was characterized by great uproar, Mr. Pinkham, Representative from California, and individual of remarkable physiognomy and hair of Absolomic extensiveness, attempted to address the meeting. He was ruled out of order by the Chairman and immediately retired from the platform, when he was seized with what unbelievers would call a fit or a swoon, but which the harmonial reformers dignify by the name of a “trance.” In the course of a few minutes, owing to the external application of aqueous restoratives, Mr. Pinkham recovered sufficiently to clutch convulsively at a piece of paper and write. He then returned to the platform and asked permission to be the channel to convey a message from the spirit land to the believers. The request was complied with and the following address was delivered by the inspired individual:
“We have noticed the angry discussions of this Convention, and have determined that they are useless, for we have taken charge of the matter ourselves and will read what is intended to settle it. (Reads)
“There will be a World’s Convention of Spiritualists at New York City, commencing on Washington’s birthday, Feb. 22d, 1865, at 10 o’clock in the morning, in the largest hall in the city, to be continued until all the business is through with. Then a great Circle of the world will be inaugurated, a new Bible revealed, and the old one revised and thoroughly explained; also rules for the promulgation of reform throughout all society, given under the direction of God Almighty, through Jesus Christ and the coadjutors, on the right wings of the celestial spheres. All persons, notwithstanding color or sect, are invited to attend if they will observed the rules; but a small admission fee will be charged. The meeting when it adjourns will move out to a large domain of land, to be selected between now and then. To all who feel attracted we propose this as a final settlement of the question.”
During this blasphemous recital the believers conducted themselves in a very peculiar manner. Notwithstanding their professed belief in the inspiration of the medium, they treated the revelation with the most uproarious laughter, ridiculing every sentence that was read by the deluded individual who was really quivering with earnest excitement.
After further discussion Dr. Gardner’s motion was put to the meeting and lost on a division. Ayes 7; Noes 98. The great objection to it was the first sentence, which was construed into an immediate general organization.
Upon motion it was resolved to amend the original resolution by ordering the Committee to report their action to the Convention.
The resolution as amended was carried by an overwhelming majority.
Dr. Gardner then moved to reconsider the vote.
Warren Chase moved to lay the motion of consideration upon the table. (A lady, “under the table.”) The amendment was carried amid great uproar.
The meeting then adjourned until 9 o’clock this morning at Metropolitan Hall.
The subject will be renewed to-day and a lively time may be expected.
It is anticipated that an inspirational poem under the influence of Robert Burns, will be delivered this evening at Metropolitan Hall by Miss Lizzie Doten, of Boston.
Mr. Whiting lectures at Witkowsky Hall this morning at ten o’clock on Spiritualism.
By request Mrs. Amanda Spence will deliver an address on the Spiritual Reform this evening at Witkowsky Hall, at 7 ½ o’clock.
“Spiritual Convention. Sabbath Exercises—Adjournment,” The Chicago Tribune, August 16, 1864.
CLOSE OF THE CONVENTION. The closing session of the Convention was held at Metropolitan Hall yesterday. Spirits and mediums, mortals and immortals, have packed up their trunks and gone to the four winds of earth and heaven, on their mission of evangelization.
Much has been said and considerable excitement created, but no real good has been performed or object fulfilled except the pleasure of fraternal communion. The main object of meeting was to consider plans of organization, but no definite plan has been adopted. One-sixth of the whole time of session was occupied in organizing amid considerable uproar. About one-fourth of the remaining time was spent in passing resolutions, which should have been adopted in five minutes, and the convention concluded by quarreling on organization schemes and defining questions on free love, women’s rights, and universal freedom; freedom they considered to be the right to abuse every one, while the mistaken notions of “orthodox” sectarian liberty were well exemplified by one brother, who states that he left the church, because their notions of freedom were so lax that they expelled him from church for engaging in pugilistic exercises during religious services with a “beloved though erring brother.” Yesterday, during the morning, the convention was stormily occupied in discussing the protest question offered by Judge Carter on Saturday. The Judge declared that according to promise they must receive the protest and spread it on the records of the society; he wishes the convention to ratify that engagement. A loud discussion followed which resulted, upon motion of Mr. Partridge, of New York, in the protest being ignominiously tabled. Ira Porter, of Michigan, gained permission to enter his protest against this action. In the afternoon several short addresses were made and a series of resolutions introduced regarding the general position of Spiritualism socially and morally. Last evening Metropolitan Hall was well filled, many being drawn to hear the poem of Miss Lizzie Doten. Among the assemblage our reporter noticed the commanding form of Hon. John Wentworth. Whether he was in search of some of Judge Carter’s evil spirits, to punish with condign justice, or on the lookout for real or imaginary nuisances, we are not aware, but he constituted himself a conspicuous object on the platform. After speeches by Mr. Hamilton and Mrs. Chappell, of New York, the usual thanks were voted to the Chairman and the other officers, and also a vote of thanks to the members of the Chicago press. Miss Lizzie Doten, delivered Robert Burns’ inspirational poem. It was a general criticism of the works of the convention, and declared that the suitor was in favor of organization.
To criticize the production would be useless though little difficult; the thoughts and general expressions were eminently those of the great poet, though the accent and gestures were faulty. This is accounted for by Miss Doten, who states that the words were communicated to her, and she had to express them as best she could. We are willing to believe that as the lady positively asserts that she did not know a word of it till the recital, that the poem was the extemporaneous production of a clear intellect and well balanced mind, thoroughly acquainted with the works of “Scotia’s hero.” If this idea be combined with the fact that Miss Doten was in a state of earnest excitement during the time of the delivery of the piece, a satisfactory explanation will be given of its origin.
The session concluded by the reception of the report of the Business Committee [. . .]
At Witkowsky Hall, Miss Amanda Spence held forth on Saturday evening on spiritual reform, laying particular stress on the part which herself and guiding spirits would take in the forthcoming Copperhead Convention. She seemed to think that they would be able to control the deliberations thereat, and influence the delegates to choose a peace candidate.
The Convention has adjourned; the only wonder is that it ever met. Such a mass of heterogeneity surely never was gathered before; probably never will again. It would be about as difficult to make a combination out of those elements as to manufacture a rope of sand. The difficulty is that each one wants to be chief. Not one of all that motley throng but thinks him or herself the one commissioned by the spirits to turn the world (of tables) upside down and bring about the proselytisation of the race to the grand harmonial philosophy.
The inharmonialists have, we fear, found a hard row to hoe. They have been saved from disruption during the past week, only by a hair-breadth. The Convention certainly was a witty one, if we accept the definition of wit usually recognized—“a Union of the congruous with the incongruous.” Some of the people there assembled appeared to be sensible; the great majority otherwise, and it is difficult to account for the exceeding patience with which the vagaries of the fools have been received by the more intelligent. But the Convention is dead; we would not speak ill of it. May the whole flock of spiritualists, harmonialists, spirits, bloomers, strong-minded women and weak-minded men continue elsewhere and ever, and as in this their recent Convention in the city, to supply the best corrective to their own vagaries, by the absurdities and follies which overload their few grains of reason and common sense.
“The Spiritual Convention. Loose Ends—Gist of the Proceedings—“Rabbie” in Spirit Greetings—Serenade,” The Chicago Tribune, August 17, 1864.
Sunday last was a day of horrors. Quarrels—some of them with sad terminations—were rife, and the Monday local of the Tribune was crowded with reports of sessions, showing the dark side of human nature. We were hence obliged to omit an extended report of the last day’s session of the Spiritual Convention. With the exception of the last day, the Tribune had given full reports of the proceedings of that novel Convention. To complete the record we herewith give the more noticeable features of the proceedings of Sunday:
RESOLUTIONS.
The following resolutions were passed on Sunday. They probably comprise the whole of the business transacted by the Convention, and had no previous sessions been held, the harmonialists would have achieved as much toward gaining any ends they may have had in view as they have done by their score of meetings.
Resolved, That the authority of each individual soul is absolute and final in deciding for himself or herself as to what is true or false in principle and right or wrong in practice; therefore, the individual, the church of the State that attempts to control the opinions or the practice of any man or woman, by an authority or power outside of his or her own soul, is guilty of a flagrant wrong.
Resolved, That the hour has come to recognize the eternal unity of science, philosophy, and of religion; that science delivered from religion is atheistic; that religion divorced from science and philosophy leads to fanaticism, superstition, bigotry, and can end only in error, darkness and crime.
Resolved, That the earth, like the air and light belong in common to the children of men, and on it each human being is alike dependent. Its child by virtue of its existence, has an equal and inalienable right to so much of the earth’s surface as is necessary by proper culture to support and perfect its development, and none has a right to say more; therefore all laws authorizing and sustaining private property in land for the purpose of speculation, and which prevent man or woman from possessing land without paying for it, are as unjust as would be laws compelling them to pay for air and light, and ought to be once and forever repealed.
Resolved, That any people or class of people who demand the attention of mankind and challenge the faith and philosophy of the ages, ought not to be able to present valid measures therefor, but also to present a clear and definite statement of their own system.
The committee on resolutions reported the following preamble and resolutions for the consideration of the convention:
Whereas, In the excitement and heat of debate some of the speakers in this convention by unguarded expressions, have created the impressions upon some minds that a hostile and prejudicial feeling exists between the delegates from different sections, and that they do not appreciate the men who have for long years labored under the most trying circumstances to advance the cause of truth and progress, and who have expended their time and money for that purpose, and made other and great sacrifices to attain the great end to which all true spiritualists labor; therefore,
Resolved, That this Convention utterly disown and repudiate on its part all and every sentiment expressed on this floor, which in the least tends to create the impression that we are actuated by any unfriendly feeling toward any members representing any section, and that we most heartily and cordially extend the right hand of fellowship to every true friend of progress and reform, be he or she from the East or West, North or South, be he or she from the continent or islands of the sea; that we do appreciate the grand and untiring efforts of those men who have used their time, their money, and jeopardizing their all to sustain the great truths of spiritualism, and we pray that God may not only bless them in their glorious enterprise, but we pledge them our cordial support and earnest endeavors to aid them in rolling forward the car of progress, and to that end we agree to go to our respective places of abode, and, whenever practicable, to organize local societies under the resolution passed by this Convention, and see that delegates are elected to represent them in the next National Convention.
Resolved, That to merely assail—to occupy a position of simple negation, or cynical criticism is unworthy of this age of progressive philosophy and positive science.
Whereas, Differences in the teachings of ancient and modern spiritualism tends to weaken their efficiency in morally elevating mankind, therefore,
Resolved, That we urge the church, especially its ministers to accept the present spirit intercourse as a truth and a power of use.
Resolved, That in the language of Mrs. Eliza W. Farnham, “Honor to womanhood, reverence to maternity,” and the treatment which springs from their sentiments as elements of the system, are conditions of permanency in any people, nation or race.
Resolved, That this Convention expresses its heartfelt sympathy with our brave sons and brothers who are now reeking by exposure to mutilation and death in camp and on the field to defend the republic and free institutions against rebels who seek by arms and blood to blot the United States from the map of the world, and we will do what we can for those loved ones while their natural protectors are exposing their lives to defend freedom from earth’s worst tyrants.
Resolved, That the relations existing between capital and labor in our republic are unjust in the highest degree, and must be modified, or we shall ere long become an oligarchy, when the few will be nobles, and the many paupers and slaves.
Resolved, That spiritualism in theory is a belief in man’s immortality and eternal life of progression; and that the angels and departed spirits of earth life can, and do, under favorable conditions, communicate with mortals in the flesh now as well as in the days of Noah, Moses, Isaiah and Daniel, and that inspiration is now poured upon men and women as properly, as fitting, as surely and effectually as it was upon Jesus, Paul and Peter in the days of Christ.
Resolved, That we recommend the children’s progressive lyceum as the highest and most desirable method yet devised for the education of the children of the liberal people of this country, and that we believe that its adoption in the various localities of the whole country will redound to the triumph of the greatest intellectual religious revolution the world ever saw.
The report was accepted, and the resolutions were unanimously adopted.
The committee of five appointed on Saturday to nominate a national central committee of thirteen for the purpose of calling the next national convention reported the following names for such committee: S. S. Jones, St. Charles, Ill.; W. Chase, Mich.; Mrs. Amanda M. Spence, New York; Mrs. S. E. Warner, Wis.; Mrs. S. J. Finney, Ohio; Dr. H. F. Gardner, Boston; H. B. Storer, Conn; Mrs. F. Davis, New York; Dr. H. T. Child, Pa.; F. L. Wadsworth, Me.; M. F. Shuey, Ind.; Mrs. M. M. Daniels, Iowa; M. O. Mott, Vermont.
Resolutions of thanks were passed to the President of the Convention, the Chicago Press, and to the Spiritualists and friends of progress in Chicago.
THE POET’S GREETING.
In the evening, Miss Lizzie Doten delivered the following poem in Metropolitan Hall, professing to be given under the inspiration of Robert Burns,
Syn back hae ta’en the trump by turns,
Awhile to biz wit,
I trust ye’ll list to Rabbie Burns,
Aule Scotsn’s poet.
It surely less out o’ place
In sica men in
Although I canna’ show my face.
Ti gie ye greetin’.[. . .]
And noo farewell! I must awa’
To Heaven above ye,
But leave a blessing for ye a’
Frae those who love ye.
And while each heart for Freedom yearns,
Wi’ nigh endeavor,
Ye’ll find a friend in Rabbie Burns,
Baith too sad ever.
SERENADE TO MISS DOTEN.
On Monday evening, Miss Lizzie Doten, the lady who so well defended the patriotic resolutions offered and ultimately passed in the Convention, received a serenade from the 5th Regimental Band, now stationed at Camp Douglas, and belonging to the Volunteer Reserve Corps. Miss Doten appeared on the balcony (of the Metropolitan), attended by Col. B. J. Sweet, commandant of the Post, and responded briefly and appropriately.